The 'protection resistor' is in line between the "M" terminal on the ignition switch and the wire leading to the solid state ignition.
If you disconnect the large ignition switch terminal block from the switch, then there should be no path to ground to kill the spark. The spark is kilt when the two terminals "M" and "G" are connected within the ignition switch (OFF position).
If you were to jumper the starter relay terminal to battery "+", then the relay would engage the starter, spin the crankshaft & flywheel, and should generate a spark. If it did, the engine would run without any particular way to shut it off unless you took the precaution to remove the spark plug and wire while checking for spark.
Perhaps the wire on the "M" terminal has chafed insulation, or is grounded somewhere due to age/cracked insulation/mice/flying saucers... and that would stop the spark. You may want to inspect that wire closely. The protection resistor is to prevent a large current flow when the key is turned to OFF, as the wire will then get connected to ground, and 'back EMF' from a circuit opening on a relay or transformer can be generated and damage things. Many use a diode instead.
tom