You won't hurt the hydraulics. There's a relief valve to protect the pump from overpressure.
Poor geometry and/or poor leverage ratios can put a severe limit on the weight of any load that can be lifted. The load includes the payload, and the bucket and connecting mounting linkages.
Most GT implement lift cylinders have a 2" bore and a 4" stroke. The implement pressure available with an Eaton is generally 750 psi. That gives you a retracting force of about 1950 lb. The angle that the cylinder rod makes with the lifting linkage will reduce that available force by 30% at a 45° angle. The leverage ratio makes a further reduction. It appears from the pics that the bucket is lifted at least 16" above grade. That's a 4:1 lifting ratio with a 4" stroke cylinder using a straight lift. When bell cranks are involved, there is no straight lift and the ratio will be somewhat higher.
And then there is the weight of the bucket and its linkages to be subtracted from the available force that is left over from the above calculations.
In theory, a setup can be designed to lift a combined load of 450 lb to a height (above the lowest point) of 16". In practical terms, maybe half of that, depending on the angles and various friction points. Your big problem is the lifting height required to dump the bucket that needs the bucket to be so far out in front of the tractor.
On a side issue, you're pushing the bucket with the connecting linkage too high up on the tractor. Something will eventually fail. Ideally, the cutting edge should be pushed by the rear axle.