Vinyl painter's tape comes in various widths. Vinyl electrical tape is a bit thicker and thus more resistant to the impact of abrasives. Any glue residue from either washes off easily with any of several solvents.
Electricians also have a rubber tape that would be impervious to sand blasting. I've used it for a sealer/cushion between the visor and the roof of my van and it peeled right off after I removed the visor. How it would do as an edger without mechanical support is unknown by me. I do know that electricians wrap connections in several layers and then cover it with vinyl tape to keep it from unraveling.