The spring your playing with is for sensitivity. One way it will lengthen the time the engine recoops when searching for power the other way will make it way to responsive. It can make the governor hunt if to sensitive. Put everything back to where you got it from and do one adjustment at a time.
As far as the linkage from governor to throttle shaft, that may have had just enough tension on it to keep it at idle rpm's. Sounds to me like you extended the arm as your spring is now sitting loose. Only time I mess with governor is on a rebuild, I make the other adjutments through the throttle cable and such.
If your trying to raise rpm's, look in the general area of where your cables are attached to the air shroud, to the bottom of that there should a stop screw and nut, reverse the screw and your rpm's come up, turn screw in the rpm's go down, its controling how far the linkage is moving. Do not run these engines over 4000 rpm. 3600 is recommended.